The Evolution of New Orleans Brass Bands

Inspired by Matt Driscoll's DMA Thesis, New Orleans Brass Band Traditions and Popular Music: Elements of Style in the music of Mama Digown's Brass Band and the Youngblood Brass Band we listened to a variety of recordings of New Orleans Brass Bands. Here is the list:



1. Dirty Dozen Brass Band - L'il Liza Jane

2. Maryland My Maryland - Preservation Hall Jazz Band

3. Panama Rag (on piano) - Listen to a version on YouTube

4. Mississippi Rag, with Kid Ory. Here is a link to a cover of the sheet music from "the first Ragtime Two-Step every written"

5. Rebirth Brass Band - Do Watcha Wanna

6. Soul Rebels - 504, No Place Like Home, We Be Rollin'

Albums:
No Place Like Home (2009)
Unlock Your Mind (2011)
No More Parades (2006) - listen to this on LastFM

Mama Diggowns Brass Band website. Listen to them on their MySpace page.

We heard parts of:

7-9. St. James Infirmary (Traditional tune, but with a Reggae feel)
Mojito (Bounce Remix)

10. Brooklyn by Youngblood Brass Band website.

Fanfare for Fenway - John Williams

On Friday, 4/20/12, members of the Boston Pops Orchestra premiered a new work for brass and percussion called "Fanfare for Fenway". This is a clip of the performance.

On Innovation: Are there any truely new ideas?

Edgard Varèse

Today in class, as we discussed new directions for brass ensemble literature, I brought up the question of how to determine truly new ideas. Often, new ideas and new genres in music are inspired by, or are derived from a combination of older ideas or genres.

Here are some interesting links related to innovation in classical music:

The eMusic Dozen: Classical Innovators

Top Ten Most Innovative Composers by William C. White

The Birth of the New: Reflections On Innovation in Music by Thomas May and the San Francisco Symphony

Innovation: Inspiration from Reinventions of Classical Music by Olin Hide

Music’s Greatest Innovator: Celebrating Haydn on the 200th anniversary of his death by David Hurwitz from Listen

Aaron Copeland: About the Composer from PBS

Visionaries: Musical Innovator Tod Machover from WBUR

More About Bernstein

On Monday, we studied Leonard Bernstein's Dance Suite for Brass Quintet. In our discussion, we pondered Bernstein's compositional style, and if it changed over the years. I also wanted to find out how he felt about his reputation as a composer of "popular" music (West Side Story) as opposed to his more serious reputation, and his composition MASS came up in the conversation as well. It was apparent that all of us should do some digging on the subject. Here is something interesting I found:

His daughter, Jamie Bernstein offers some very valuable insight into the contradictions in her father's life and compositions. The excerpt below, from her website, is from a speech entitled A Talk Before MASS, which she gave in Salt Lake City in May of 2009:

Looking back on my father’s creative life, I see two main engines driving my father forward: the contradictions in his personality, and his perpetual confrontations with figures of authority. Of all Leonard Bernstein’s works, none demonstrates a grander synthesis of all these creative cross-currents than MASS.  As a result, MASS is his most deeply personal work.
Let me start with the contradictions. On the one hand, he was the most extroverted guy you could ever meet. How he loved people! All kinds of people. He loved playing the piano at parties till the wee hours; all-night talk sessions with students; noisy dinners with family and friends.  This was the Lenny that became a conductor and a teacher, the communicator extraordinaire, on the podium and on television.

On the other hand, Leonard Bernstein was a composer: an introverted, lonely dreamer who stayed up all night working, chain-smoking cigarettes and staring down his demons.

Within Bernstein the composer, there were yet more contradictions. He wrote for the concert hall, but he also wrote for the Broadway stage. He was a classically trained musician, but he loved the popular music he heard on the radio as he grew up in the 1920’s, 30’ and 40’s. His conducting mentor, Serge Koussevitsky, strongly advised his young pupil to stop writing for the Broadway stage; Koussevitsky thought it was low-class, insignificant music. Luckily, Leonard Bernstein didn’t follow his teacher’s advice – an early example of his lifelong impulse to buck authority.

Eventually, my father found ways to cross-pollenate the two kinds of music he loved best, creating a perfect bridge between the concert stage and the Broadway pit. Leonard Bernstein's orchestral music is joyous, full of tunes, and bursting with catchy rhythms -- while his Broadway scores are as elegantly constructed as a Beethoven symphony. MASS combines all of these elements, and more, into a single, passionate expression of my father’s own multifarious personality.

Here is a link to NPR's article Revisiting Bernstein's Immodest 'MASS' where you can read about a revival of the work and listen to excerpts. The brass is most prominent in the second selection, Prefatory Prayers.

Ten New Directions for Brass

Gaudete Brass

For one of our upcoming discussions on "Current Topics in Brass Ensemble Literature", we will listen to some of the newest directions in the brass ensemble world. Here are the related links:

1. Lansing McCloskey's What We Do Is Secret a brand-new composition for solo brass quintet and wind ensemble.

2. Meridian Arts Ensemble YouTube demo for their Channel Classics CD called Brink.

3. Gaudete Brass plays Ravel with Theremin

Trois beaux oiseaux du paradis by Maurice Ravel - performed by thereminist, Randy George and the Gaudete Brass Quintet. download video in High Definition at: http://bit.ly/GBQRGM

Arrangement for brass quintet and voice by Paul Von Hoff. Video produced by Randy George. Recorded on September 2, 2010 in Long Beach, CA.

The theremin was invented in 1919, about five years after Ravel composed this work.

4. YouTube video of a live performance of Alma llanera  by the Venezuelan Brass Ensemble.

The Venezuelan Brass Ensemble came into being in 2003 from Venezuela's state youth orchestra system (FESNOJIV) under the patronage of José Antonio Abreu and Thomas Clamor. This unique, state-sponsored system comprises some 200 children's and young people's orchestras and about 100 music centres, spread all over the country. In the meantime, thanks to this work, numerous successful youth ensembles have emerged. Leading the way is the “Simon Bolivar Youth Orchestra of Venezuela”, where most of the members of the “Venezuelan Brass Ensemble” come from.

5. NU Directions Chamber Brass

NU DIRECTIONS CHAMBER BRASS is a contemporary chamber ensemble dedicated to breaking down barriers of musical categories. This rhythmically explosive genre-bending brass and percussion ensemble brings together classical, jazz, and free improvising musicians to combine their talents and form a new innovative brand of chamber music. NDCB is comprised of two trumpets, two trombones, and two percussionists. Each musician offers his or her own voice to create a truly unique sound.

Trumpet artist, composer, and NDCB founder Thomas Madeja created this ensemble in response to a growing need for accessibly presented original sounding contemporary music. This also drives the group’s commitment to education. In a concert setting, master class, or interactive recital, NDCB invites its audience to experience its unique creative process.
There are no limitations in regard to performance venues either. NDCB has performed in such varied institutions as concert halls, schools, salons, museums, churches, and jazz and nightclubs. Audiences from all walks of life continue to be intrigued and stimulated by this truly one of a kind ensemble.

6. New Brass Directions website and their Demo on YouTube

The idea for this brass ensemble came about in the summer of 2010.
The ensemble consists of top musicians from both the classical and jazz scene. This is their realisation of a dream. During concerts, the audience will hear the “classical” brass instruments of the ten piece ensemble, but the musicians will also unite jazz and classical elements, thus explaining the name: 'New Brass Directions' for this forceful musical ensemble. The concerts will offer a lot of diversity, and the visual aspect will also play a part. The audience will be entertained and surprised.

The Belgian composer and jazz trombone player Lode Mertens composed King of Spain for the classical/jazz combination; the British composer and jazztrombone player Mark Nightingale wrote Our House for the same setting. For the classical ten piece ensemble the American composer Stanley Friedman created a Concerto for Brass. Steven Verhaert made an arrangement of Weills Die Dreigroschenoper and Isoldes Tod from Wagners opera. Renowned trumpeter and composer Bert Joris has agreed to compose something for the classical/jazz combination.

The key elements are virtuosity and emotion.
Curious? Please keep an eye on the Media and Agenda pages, for YouTube clips, concert dates or public rehearsals.

7. TILT Brass

"...a Brooklyn-based experimental music organization dedicated to expanding the world of contemporary brass performance by producing innovative concert programs and recording projects, and by commissioning new works for its two ensembles, TILT Creative Brass Band (CBB) and TILT SIXtet (bios below). Since forming in 2003, TILT Brass has presented the work of over 50 composers, including group members and local colleagues, as well as established masters. TILT’s repertoire engages its audience with musical experiences ranging from sonorous soundscapes to the raucous strains of a street band, from freely improvised explorations to the precision and clarity of fully notated chamber music (often combining the latter two within a single work)."

8. Metalofonico a modern brass ensemble

[In the interest of full disclosure, I am a member of this group, which is comprised of members of the Meridian Arts Ensemble, the Atlantic Brass Quintet, and members of the Los Angeles Philharmonic.]

9. Performance of Philip Glass' Brass Sextet on YouTube as performed by London Gabrieli Brass

Brass Sextet, composed in 1962/64 for two trumpets, two horns, trombone and tuba, is something of a curiosity. It was written when Philip Glass, after graduating from the Julliard School of Music, was composer-in-residence with the Pittsburgh Public Schools on a Ford Foundation project. This was several years before he began to become known for the repetitive minimalist techniques which launched him to fame and have enabled him to enter some of the world's leading opera houses.

The Sextet is not listed by Glass now, but it was actually published in England in 1966 by Novello & Co. in their Music for Today Series edited by Geoffrey Bush. The writing shifts rather uneasily from consonance to dissonance but there is plenty of American precedent behind the Hymn, Ballad and gently jazzy Finale.

— Peter Dickinson

10. Billy Childs' Two Elements for Brass Quintet and Piano recorded by the American Brass Quintet. The biography below is from his website. Both of the movements of this work are available on iTunes for .99 each. I will play them in class.

Billy Childs was born in Los Angeles on March 8th, 1957. Having demonstrated an aptitude for piano as early as age six, Childs developed rapidly, and at age sixteen entered the USC-sponsored Community School of the Performing Arts, studying theory with Marienne Uszler and piano with John Weisenfluh. In 1975, he entered USC as a composition major, graduating four years later with a bachelor of music in composition under the tutelage of Robert Linn.

Since then Mr. Childs has received a number of orchestral commissions from, among others: Esa-Pekka Salonen and the Los Angeles Philharmonic, the Detroit Symphony Orchestra under the baton of Leonard Slatkin, the Los Angeles Master Chorale, The Kronos Quartet, the Lincoln Center Jazz Orchestra, the American Brass Quintet, and the Dorian Wind Quintet.

After apprenticing with Freddie Hubbard and J.J. Johnson in the late seventies and early eighties, Childs’ solo jazz recording career began in 1988, when he released Take For Example, This... the first of four critically acclaimed albums on the Windham Hill Jazz label. He followed that album with Twilight Is Upon Us (1989), His April Touch (1992), and Portrait Of A Player (1993). His next album, I’ve Known Rivers on Stretch/GRP (now Stretch/Concord) was released in 1995, followed by The Child Within, released on the Shanachie record label in 1996. Most recently, Mr. Childs has recorded two volumes of jazz/chamber music – Lyric, Vol. 1 (2006) and Autumn: In Moving Pictures, Vol. 2 (2010) – music which is an amalgam of jazz and classical elements, developed with his ensemble through rehearsal, performance, and recording, over the course of ten years.

Thus far, in his career, Childs has garnered ten Grammy nominations and three Grammy awards: two for best instrumental composition (Into the Light from Lyric and The Path Among The Trees from Autumn: In Moving Pictures) and one for best arrangement accompanying a vocalist. In 2009, Childs was the recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship and in 2006 was awarded a Chamber Music America composer’s grant.

As a pianist Childs has recently performed with, among others, Yo-Yo Ma, Sting, the Los Angeles Philharmonic, the Detroit Symphony, the Kronos Quartet, Wynton Marsalis, Jack DeJohnette, Ron Carter, the Ying String Quartet, the American Brass Quintet, and Chris Botti. In January 2010, The Detroit Symphony (Leonard Slatkin conducting) premiered Childs’ Concerto For Violin And Orchestra with Regina Carter as soloist. Upcoming commissions include a new piece for the Ying Quartet and another new work for the Kronos String Quartet. 

Class Schedule Revision

Sonus Brass

As I mentioned in class today, I have revised the class schedule for the next few weeks to adapt to the Iowa Brass Quintet tour.

No class next week at all (Monday 4/2 and Wednesday 4/4!) Please use the extra time to catch up on your blogs and final projects.

The next class meeting is Monday 4/9, when we will study the landmark work by Leonard Bernstein, Dance Suite for Brass Quintet.

Wednesday 4/11, Megan S. will be presenting recordings.

Monday 4/16, we will be discussing current brass ensemble topics.

Wednesday 4/18, we will all contribute to a group listening session. Please bring in 5 minutes of music that we haven't yet heard in class.

Monday 4/23,  we will be discussing current brass ensemble topics.

Wednesday 4/25, I will be presenting a listening session.

Monday 4/30 and Wednesday 5/2 are reserved for final presentations. Your assigned dates are below:

Monday 4/30: Nate, Tania, Rachel and Meagan C.
Wednesday 5/2: Shelby, Dave, Megan S. and Adam.

Böhme Sextet

Chicago Chamber Brass

Today we studied the Sextet in E flat minor, Op 30 by Oskar Böhme which was written in 1906.


Here is a link to the Chicago Chamber Musicians page, where you can hear recordings of two live performances. The musicians are:


Barbara Butler, Trumpet
Charles Geyer , Trumpet
Robert Singer , Trumpet
Gail Williams , Horn
James Campbell , Trombone
Gene Pokorny , Tuba


Biography of Oskar Böhme, from Oxford Music Online:

(b Potschappel, nr Dresden, 24 Feb 1870; d ?Chkalov, Ural region, ?1938). German cornettist and composer. He is thought to have trained with his father, Heinrich Wilhelm Böhme (b 1843), a music teacher, and from 1885 he toured as a soloist. From 1894 to 1896 he played in the orchestra at the Royal Hungarian Opera House, Budapest. Between 1896 and 1897 he studied composition with Jadassohn at the Leipzig Conservatory. He then moved to St Petersburg, playing in the Mariinsky Theatre Orchestra from 1897 to 1921, teaching in a musical college on Vasilyevskiy Island from 1921 to 1930, and playing in the Leningrad Drama Theatre orchestra from 1930 to 1934. Like many people of German origin, he was banished by Stalin to Chkalov (now Orenburg) and taught at a music school there from 1936 to 1938. The year of his death is uncertain; one eyewitness claims to have seen him at hard labour on the Turkmenian Channel in 1941. He composed 46 known works with opus numbers, including a lavishly Romantic concerto in E minor op.18 for trumpet in A (1899), which has remained in the repertory.

Citation:

Edward H. Tarr. "Böhme, Oskar." Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. 19 Mar. 2012 <http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/43968>.

 

On Shelby's Presentation

Today in class, Shelby gave us a presentation on a variety of music; from "Second Line" Jazz and Mnozil Brass to the German Brass and the New Trombone Collective.


In the portion about the tradition of New Orleans Brass Bands and funerals, we learned a lot, but it also raised some questions. Is there a standard, traditional set of rules to an authentic second-line funeral? What are the roles of the key players and do they have titles? What is the significance and history behind the decorative umbrellas carried by processors?


Our study of the New Orleans Brass Band tradition also reminds us of the effects of Hurricane Katrina on the people, culture and economy of this great and historic city.


Here is a link to a video of a lecture titled Rebuilding the "Land of Dreams": Expressive Culture and New Orleans' Authentic Future given by Nick Spitzer, University of New Orleans, specifically Part 7, the "Second-Line".


From New Orleans Online, here is a link about the Social Aid and Pleasure Clubs that sponsor the parades and a link about "Jazz Funerals". Also read Block Parties In Motion: The New Orleans Second Line Parade from FrenchQuarter.com


The effects that Hurricane Katrina had on music and the arts is a major topic of study and much discussion. Not only does it include issues of survival and revival, but of the challenges of bureaucracy, government, racial equality, disaster preparedness, and communication. Here is a link to After the deluge: 29 remarkable works inspired by Hurricane Katrina to give you an idea of the broad scope and influence of Katrina and how the sorrow, anger, and grief manifest themselves through the arts.


Listed below are more links related to the topic:

New Orleans Habitat Musicians' Village website
Sweet Sounds of Home from the Village Voice
Treme Brass Band: Living and Breathing New Orleans from NPR (be sure to listen to the radio show)


Brass Bands of New Orleans from KnowLA

Selected Books and Article on Social Aid & Pleasure Clubs and Second Lines from Tulane University

Francis Poulenc

Today in class, we heard Four of Kind playing Beethoven's Drei Equali, and two different groups performing Poulenc's Sonata for Horn, Trumpet and Trombone. We noted some distinct differences in the two recordings, as well as discussed the contradictory articulation markings. Some excellent points were made supporting whether the disparities were intentional, or errata.

Here is a link to the dissertation on Poulenc's Sonata for Horn, Trumpet and Trombone by John Cord (UNT), and here are a few excerpts from the paper:

On a larger scale it is interesting to note what might be considered an inconsistency in the delivery of important themes throughout the first and third movements. Poulenc chooses to use a variety of dynamics and articulations when the main themes re-enter. This is not an arbitrary adaptation of musical elements but a finely crafted musical pursuit. I believe that Poulenc is seeking to achieve a “textural shift” in the music at these various points. He uses an alternating pattern of articulations throughout the piece to develop an internal theme and variations structure. This alternating pattern of articulations is developed by applying a certain articulation to a part for a particular theme.

//

There is a mistake in the trumpet part pertaining to articulations found in m. 26. In this measure, the trumpet part is missing a slur over the group of four sixteenth notes. This is an obvious mistake the score containing all three parts does show the slur in the trumpet part, this particular figure is found two measures earlier in the part and does utilize the slur and the other two parts contain slurs in this measure. If this were a discrepancy in articulations in the first or third movement, the question may be raised as to whether this may be another example of Poulenc developing texture through articulations, but the second movement shows no inconsistencies in articulations whatsoever throughout the movement, making his intentions clear that they should remain consistent through the end of the movement.

//

Upon first glance it would seem that simple misprints and copying errors may be the cause of this inconsistent application of articulations. However, after closer examination, it is apparent that Poulenc‟s intention is to consistently create contradictions between the instruments. The combination of articulations between the three instruments for specific themes is never repeated in its exact state. This pursuit to create new textures through fluctuation of articulations is achieved in some cases through the alteration of even a single pitch, and in other cases, the lack of articulation marking is in fact the alteration

Related Links:


Official Poulenc Website

Pro Music Brass Trio Recording

Guy Touvron recording

Trombone History Timeline

Will Kimball, the Associate Professor of Trombone at Brigham Young University, has an outstanding website, which features some of his projects, including the Trombone History Timeline. Although it is instrument-specific, there are several entries which mention ensemble history, and it serves as an excellent way in which Professors of Music can pursue avenues of  academic research in our own fields.

American Brass Quintet

The three posts below are updated posts from previous years regarding our lecture today, A Survey of Selected Professional Brass Ensembles.

The criteria I suggested, for your final project and for future professional reference, were:

1. Longevity - How long has the ensemble existed?
2. Consistency - What personnel changes have they undergone?
3. Programming - What is a typical program for this ensemble?
4. Focus & Mission - What are the ensembles goals and purpose?
5. Performances - How many and what types of performances?
6. Recording - How many? Label? Repertoire?
7. Publicity - Press Kit, Website, and Reveiws
8. Innovation and Originality - What have they done for the genre?
9. Affialiations - Managment, Institutions, Events
10. Awards and Accomplishments - Competitions, major honors, firsts?
11. Commercial Success - Fee? Fame? Income? Contributions?

Composers & Places in Brass Ensemble History

Monday in class we will be finish our Historical Perspectives unit with a lectrure and discussion on the "Composers and Places". Here are numerous related links:


Composers:
Malcolm Arnold - Classical Net
Walter Hartley
Fisher Tull
Alec Wilder - Classical Net
Alvin Etler - Wikipedia,
John Philip Sousa
Monique Buzzarté's Database of Brass Music by Women Composers
Giovanni Gabrieli - Wikipedia
Jan Bach
Samual Adler - Presser Online
William Kraft - Presser Online
Eric Ewazen
David Sampson
Gunther Schuller
Vaclav Nelhybel Official Web Site
Elliott Carter
Poulenc, Francis



Places:
Venetian Music of the Renaissance
Brass HistoryVenetian School - Wikipedia
Venetian School: From Answers.com
Goldman Band - Wikipedia
Russia the Great
Civil War Band Music: The American Brass Band Movement
The Brass Players Museum
Music In The Renaissance


Other places and composers will eventually be listed here. I am currently researching other hotbeds of brass ensemble activity, such as Vienna, Berlin, Paris, and New York. If you find anything regarding these places, or more composer sites, please post them in a comment or email them to me.

Professional Brass Ensembles - Week I

American Horn Quartet

This week we begin our look at professional brass ensembles. In addition to the groups already featured on your own blogs, I have provided here a list of groups we should all examine.

American Horn Quartet
Trans Atlantic Horn Quartet
Bones Apart
New England Trombone Quartet
Sotto Voce Tuba Quartet
Ensemble de Trompettes de Paris
Saint Louis Brass Quintet
Proteus 7
Boston Brass
Philadelphia Brass
Center City Brass Quintet
Trombones de Costa Rica
The Dirty Dozen Brass Band
Youngblood Brass Band
Women In Brass
Synergy Brass Quintet
Royal Danish Brass
Gomalan Brass
Resounding Brass Trumpet Duo

Listening Session #1 - Historic Brass Ensemble Music

The YouTube video below features the Sonata Pian e Forte from Gabrieli's "Sacred Symphonies". This performance is by the brass section of the Bayerische Staatsoper, conducted by Zubin Metha.

This is the listening list from today's class:

• La Feliciana a 4 by Adriano Banchieri and La Bignani by Giovanni Cavaccio recorded by The English Cornett and Sackbut Ensemble.
  
• Canzon I by Peuerl recorded by Atlantic Brass Quintet.
   
• Canzona by Samuel Scheidt recorded by the trombone quartet Four Of A Kind. 

•  Canzona Duodecimi Toni by Giovanni Gabrieli.  

• The New Year's Gift by Anthony Holborne recorded by Atlantic Brass Quintet.
  
•  Les plaisirs de la chasse, and Le chevreuil recorded by the Cor de chasse ensemble, Le Rallye-Cor de Montmélian. 

• Jewel Waltz and Ellen Bayne Quickstep by G.W.E. Friederich recorded by the Empire Brass Quintet & Friends on The American Brass Band Journal.
    
• Quintet No. 2 in C major (c. 1850) by Jean François Victor Bellon Recorded by the Ewald Brass Quintet. [I. Allegro, II. Minuetto, III. Andante, IV. Rondo] Rusasca De La Buzdug (traditional) recorded by the Balkan Brass Band, Fanfare Ciocărlia

Ewald Articles on ICON

Viktor Ewald

Due to their size, I have uploaded the complete articles on Ewald and his brass quintets onto our ICON site. You will also find a table of selected major composers and compositions for brass ensembles.

Eras and Traditions; An Interactive Outline

This is an online interactive edition of Monday's lecture. Use it as a starting point for your research for your historical perspectives papers. Brass instruments, and brass ensembles have been around for thousands of years. Your paper topic should illuminate one aspect of this rich heritage. You will find more specialized resources in journals, and books than on the internet in most cases. Focus on a topic or subject before the 20th century. To understand brass ensembles as a genre, it is necessary to examine our past.

Brass Ensemble History

A. Prehistoric - brass functioned as signals (shells, animal horns)
B. Antiquity

1. Ancient Egypt - ceremonial, trumpet in Tutankhamun’s tomb
2. Ancient Greece - Apollonian & Dyonesian dichotomy, salpinx (salphinx)
3. Ancient Rome - Martial, Roman Tuba, Buccini (spiral infantry bugles), Cornu
4. Ancient Hebrews - sacred/ceremonial, shofar
5. Russia - lur; horn bands (Mares[ch] in Bohemia, Czar Alexander); Rozhok (wooden Russian cornet); composers Cannobio & Glinka

6. Other - Nefer (Morroccan trumpet); Irish Bronze Age horns; Asia? Africa?

C. Middle Ages

1. Sacred vs. secular
2. Early Brass: Serpant, Sackbut, Cornetti, etc.
3. Minstrels, troubadours/trouveres?, Brass associated with royalty & battle

D. Rennaissance

1. Civic Brass Musicians: Waits (UK); Stadtpfeiffers (Gr); Pifferi (It.) Alto Capella

E. Baroque

1. Polychoral/antiphonal brass ensembles;
2. Use of natural horns, trumpets;
3. Birth of opera, chamber music
4. Brass players “let indoors” (Monteverdi L’Orfeo - 1607)

F. Classical

1. More brasses incorporated into orchestra
2. Harmoniemusik, Tafelmusik, Serenades
3. Eggert & Beethoven use trombone section in orchestra

G. Romantic

1. Major developments:

a. 1815 - valves patented
b. 1835 - tuba patented, brass choir (SATB) complete
c. 1865 - Civil War, regimental bands, saxhorns

2. Composers write for full brass section (Wagner, Berlioz, Tchaik., Strauss)

3. British Brass Band tradition

H. Modern (end of 19th C., beginning of 20th)

1. First brass quintets, sextets

• Bellon (1795-1867) 12 Quintets written between 1848 and 1850
• Alyabyev [Aljabjew] (1787-1851)
• Ewald (1860-1935)
• Böhme (1870-1938)
• Maurer (1789-1878)

2. Modern brass bands, brass choirs, trios, quartet, quintets, etc.
3. Modernists, extended range, extended techniques

Online Resources:

• A Bibliography of Writings about Historic Brass Instruments (Indiana University Library
• The Brass Players Museum (Springfield, MA)
• Historic Brass Society (free registration required)
• Edinburgh University Collection of Historic Musical Instruments
• A Brief History of Horn Evolution (Thomas Bacon)
• The Tuba; Its Historical Developement and Use
• The Wallace Collection - link includes a brief overview of brass quintet history

Related Grove Online Articles:

• Brass band history before 1600
• Military music 1600-1800
• Civic and church bands 1600-1800
• Calvary bands
• British brass band movement
• American brass bands

Journal Articles (Ewald & Russian Traditions):

1. Smith, André. “Brass in Early Russia: From the Beginnings to the Birth of Victor Ewald, 1860.” International Trumpet Guild Journal. December, 1993, pp. 5-20.
2. _______ “Victor Vladimirovich Ewald (1860-1935) Civil Engineer & Musician”. International Trumpet Guild Journal. February, 1994, pp. 5-23.
3. _______ “The History of the Four Quintets for Brass by Victor Ewald. International Trumpet Guild Journal. May, 1994, pp. 5-33.

Axiom Brass

Axiom Brass

I recently discovered this up-and-coming brass quintet, and I was very impressed with what I saw and heard.

Their website is slick, modern, and updated - which is more than I can say for many brass quintet websites. Their press material looks outstanding, and the sound files and videos on their site are impressive.

Even though the group has only been in existence for a few years, they have accomplished a lot, including winning several prestigious competitions. They have an excellent example of a press kit here (under Press in the main menu). This quote is from their publicity materials:

Praised for their “high level of musicality and technical ability” and for their “clean, clear and precise sound”, the award-winning Axiom Brass Quintet has quickly established itself as “one of the major art music groups in brass chamber music.” Winners of the 2008 International Chamber Brass Competition and prize-winners of the 2010 Fischoff Chamber Music Competition, the Preis der Europa-Stadt Passau, the Plowman Chamber Music Competition, and the Jeju City International Brass Quintet Competition in South Korea, the Axiom Brass is dedicated to enhancing the musical life of communities across the globe and educating the next generation of musicians.

Blogging Resources

Next week, you will each need to launch your blog project. I have some resources listed below which you will find very helpful. I recommend Blogger or Wordpress:

Getting Started:

• Blogging at WritersWrite.com
• Blogging-Resources
• Blogging: An Introduction
• EduBlogs
  

Free Blogging Host Sites:

• Blogger
• Wordpress
• LiVEJournal
• BraveNet
• Xanga
• Typepad

Some classical music blogs:

• The Rest is Noise
• Brass Musician
• Classical Music (Cincinnati.com)
• Pittsburgh Symphony Blog
• The Well-Tempered Blog
• Scottish Symphony Orchestra
• Adaptistration
• Horn Roller
• Jason Heath's Double Bass Blog
• I was doing alright

General Guidelines:

• Pick a theme or subject. (such as Civil War Brass Bands, or South American Brass Quintets, etc.)
• Set up your blog and email the name and location of your blog so I can link to it here.
• Post twice weekly. I would recommend using your blogs publication schedule reminder if they have one.
• Think of your blog as a combination online guide to your subject and personal journal for this course.
  
• In addition to commentary, create hyperlinks, post pictures, and explore your subject.
• Be sure to check out the blogs of the other students and make occassional comments.
  
• Let me know if you encounter any problems. Be sure to use a free blogging host, and experiment with a few posts to see if you can easily navigate their interface.

On Blogging Well

I thought it might be helpful to offer some advice and point you to some links to help you with your blogging projects. It's best to think of your blog as a personal expression and a place to share your ideas and thoughts - much like a diary or journal, but much more public. In the case of your ABEL blog, it might be helpful to think of your blog as an online version of a thoughtful comment in a class discussion. Tell us what you think, what you feel, what you heard, and show us where to find it. Most blogs have a theme, or focus and many have several categories of topics. Occasionally, it's OK to stray off of your topic, especially if it is course-related.

As a reminder, the assignment reads:

Blog Project (2 weekly posts; with a focus on class-related topic of your choice)

• Start blog and begin weekly posts by January 25th, project due April 23rd
• Topic to be determined by the second week of class and subject to approval
• Average of two posts per week
• Post comments on other students’ blogs

Part of the assignment is to post comments on each others blogs. Neither the posts or comments need to be lengthy to be significant. The advantage to this assignment is that it can be accomplished five minutes at a time, at your convenience, and the focus is you - what you think, what you know, what you've heard, seen or done. Remember, just like a research paper, if you use someone else's material, credit the original source and put it in quotations.

Here are some links to help you with the process.  

• Five Steps to Good Blogging from Newsome.org  
• Blogging Tips  

Here are some ideas for blog postings:  

• Sign up for a Google Alert on your topic and receive email notifications of new stories about your topic.
• Blog about something we discussed in class.
• Blog about someone else's topic.
• Link to a site that has free streaming audio of recording related to your topic

Here are some good examples of music blogs to model:

• The Score - a New York Times blog by American composers
• Saint Louis Symphony Orchestra blog
• The Brass Factory
• Alex Ross: The Rest is Noise
• MusicThing

Here are some of the most popular non-music-related blogs:

• Lifehacker
• Engadget
  
• The Dilbert blog
• Boing Boing

So, keep up with your blogs, and like any writer, just do it. Also remember that the thing that draws people to blogs is fresh content, so keep generating new thoughts. I look forward to reading your posts and comments.